Commonly Confused Words Seam and Seem

The words seam and seem are homophones: they sound alike but have different meanings. Definitions The noun seam refers to a line formed by sewing together two pieces of material, or to any line or mark like this. The noun seam may also refer to a thin layer of coal, ore, etc. As a verb, seam means to join together to form a seam. The verb seem means to appear or to give the impression of being something. Examples If you can sew a straight seam on a sewing machine, you can make a quilt in just a day or two.The shoulder seams of the mans blue waffle-weave jacket were visibly straining; around the brace was tied a necktie, which reached only a third of the way down his chest.(Gish Jen, Birthmates. Ploughshares, 1995)Historical research is often rather like mining: the researcher finds a rich seam of ore and keeps digging until the lode is exhausted.(John Tully, Silvertown. NYU Press, 2014)After the attack, the battleship seemed to be spouting flames at every seam.Once she had pampered her students, singing them songs, letting them call her at home even, and ask personal questions. but now she was losing sympathy. They were beginning to seem different. They were beginning to seem demanding and spoiled.(Lorrie Moore, Youre Ugly, Too. The New Yorker, 1990)The street looks tremendous. People on the far side seem tiny and archaic, dwarfed by the great sky and the windy clouds like pedestrians in old prints.(Walker Percy, The Moviegoer, 1961) Idiom Alerts Bursting at the SeamsThe expression bursting at the seams means very full or crowded.- His long hair hung like rags in the heat; his clothes were much washed and faded to pastel colors. His suitcase, a canvas affair, repeated his worn appearance and was bursting at the seams.(Paul Theroux, The Great Railway Bazaar. Houghton Mifflin, 1975)- The house burst at the seams, and hilarious pandemonium reigned. Chinese Lady, Emily and Tommy, up at six in the morning, had spent until ten oclock preparing the wedding breakfast for fifty and more people.(Mary Jane Staples, Down Lambeth Way. Corgi, 1988)Coming Apart at the SeamsThe idiom to come (or fall) apart at the seams means to be weak or in poor condition and close to the point of collapse.- Looking around me in the months after my return from New York, I saw a city falling apart at the seams, torn by political strife and civil unrest, a city eaten alive by greed and envy.(Rupert Smith, I Must Confess. Cleis Press, 2007)- Lepski hung up. H e walked, heavy footed, out to his car and headed back to headquarters. He felt as if his ambitious little world had come apart at the seams.(James Hadley Chase, You Must Be Kidding. Robert Hale, 1979) Practice (a) Conflict and anger are often not about what they _____ to be about on the surface.(b) Marcie took out a penknife and ripped open the _____ of her jacket.(c) Uncle Willie didnt _____ to notice that Mr. Taylor was oblivious to everything he said.(Maya Angelou, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. Random House, 1969) Answers to Practice Exercises: Seam and Seem (a) Conflict and anger are often not about what they seem to be about on the surface.(b) Marcie took out a penknife and ripped open the seam of her jacket.(c) Uncle Willie didnt seem to notice that Mr. Taylor was oblivious to everything he said.(Maya Angelou, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. Random House, 1969)

Trying Juveniles as Adults - 1404 Words

When it comes to trying juveniles as adults, it is a strong issue to follow through, but it has been a controversial topic to the public. This topic is a controversial topic even considering that there are numerous arguments to put forth on both sides. There will be stated pros and cons of each side and articles to back up the arguments. Juveniles are defined as children who fall under the age of 18, depending on the state. Even though, some juveniles are tried as adults despite their under age. In this article the Pro side is going to be, the crime is a crime no matter who did it. Even if a child did a crime doesn’t mean the victim didn’t suffer. There are several people who believe that the juvenile court has been established with the†¦show more content†¦According to examiner.com, â€Å"research shows that the human brain goes through a slow maturation process between ages 10 through 25.The emotional make-up of a child is generally fully developed by age five (Examiner).† So, when it comes to this study it shows that Cameron Kocher’s brain wasn’t even in the start of its process. Therefore, Cameron showed the signs he was showing because he most likely didn’t fully understand what was going on, or what he did. During this time, when juveniles have no responsibilities, and maturity it is not expected of them, they most likely do not understand the consequences. Therefore, it is considered unjust to convict them in the mann er as adults. Also, in CNN according to Jessica Reaves, â€Å"The juvenile prison system can help kids turn their lives around; rehabilitation gives kids a second chance. Successful rehabilitation, many argue, is better for society in the long run than releasing someone whos spent their entire young adult life in general prison population. A young person released from juvenile prison is far less likely to commit a crime than someone coming out of an adult facility (Reaves).† This is another way to look at the situation. When it comes to juvenile’s rehabilitation is a way to help the juvenile fully understand what have gotten them in their certain situation. Also, it’s a way to add onto what they can do to make sure the juvenile doesn’tShow MoreRelatedTrying Juveniles as Adults Essay1312 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to Caldwell (1961) the juvenile justice system is based on the principle that youth are developmentally and fundamentally different from adults. According to Mack (1909) the focus of the juvenile justice system has shifted from â€Å"was the crime commi tted† to â€Å"why did the child commit the crime†, â€Å"how can we help the child†. When performing as it is designed and up to the initial intentions, the juvenile court balances rehabilitation (treatment) of the offender with suitable sanctions whenRead MoreTrying Juveniles As Adults And Providing Rehabilitation1598 Words   |  7 PagesTrying Juveniles As Adults And Providing Rehabilitation During Incarceration Today’s heated debate regarding the decision to try juveniles as adults has prompted individuals to construct opinionated and informational articles on the topic. The nation’s troubled youth are protected by groups that believe these offenders deserve rehabilitation and a chance to develop into a productive member of society. However, others believe that those committing certain heinous crimes should be tried as adults asRead MoreRole of Cognitive Development in Trying Juveniles as Adults Essay example618 Words   |  3 Pagesthe United States, you are considered an adult at 18-years old. With age comes a plethora of other privledges. You can drive at 16 with a proper drivers license, legally engage in intercourse at 17, vote and purchase cigarrettes at 18 and purchase and consume alcohol at 21. Although there is one age restriction that hasnt been set in stone. In the justice system, one may be considered an adult at 18 and be tried as such. The option of being trie d as an adult hangs on many circumstances. If the individualRead MoreJuveniles And The Criminal Justice System1594 Words   |  7 Pages Juveniles and the Criminal Justice System There is much debate over whether or not juveniles should ever be tried as adults. Juveniles are defined as children under the age of 18. In the past, juveniles have been tried in a separate juvenile court because of their age. However, trying juveniles as adults for violent crimes is a trend that is on the rise. Age is supposed to be a deterrent for placing those under 18 on trial and giving them stiffer punishments that are often reserved for adults. ManyRead MoreJuveniles Should Be Legal For Adult Courts1528 Words   |  7 Pagesor not juveniles should receive waivers to adult court. There are three methods that are used to transfer a juvenile to adult court. Juvenile waiver, statutory exclusion, and Concurrent Jurisdiction are the three different methods used to transfer a juvenile to adult court. Statutory exclusion is when the juvenile is transferred immediately to the adult court. Concurrent Jurisdiction is when the juvenile may be tried as an adult and a juvenile at once. T hroughout all three methods juvenile waiverRead MoreEssay on Juveniles Tried as Adults843 Words   |  4 PagesFinal : Question #1 A juvenile being tried as an adult is a very sensitive and controversial issue over the past years. There has been a significant increase in the number of juvenile offenders being tried in adult courts for serious crimes. Juveniles should be tried as adults depending on the seriousness of the crime that they commit. There are many factors that contribute to juvenile courts and to what extent a juvenile should be tried as an adult. The juvenile justice system was intendedRead MoreShould Juveniles Be Tried as Adults? Essay867 Words   |  4 Pages29, 2012 Should Juveniles be tried as Adults? There are many controversies that surround juveniles being rehabilitated rather than going through the adult justice system, but studies show that juveniles are not fully developed to be tried as an adult. One of the main questions that it always boils down to is â€Å"should juveniles be tried as adults?† in my opinion juveniles should not be tried as adults because of their age. First, I believe that juveniles should not be tried as adults because their mentalitiesRead MoreJuveniles Being Tried As Adults1238 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Juveniles Being Tried as Adults† There are articles or news reports every once and a while about juveniles committed heinous crimes, but not serving any real time for the crime. Juveniles or even adults should not serve a few years for murder or rape. Murderers, rapists and other criminals are being released from jail every day after serving only very short sentences for their heinous crimes. (Source #1) Who are these criminals and what makes them so special? The criminals are juveniles who commitRead MoreThe Main Aim Of Eradicating Criminal From The Society1439 Words   |  6 PagesJuvenile Crimes The main aim of eradicating criminal from the society is to enhance peaceful coexistence among people and to aid development. In this regard, individuals who fail to fit in this setting should be eradicated regardless of their age and made responsible for their actions. Releasing murderers, rapists, and other criminals from jail after serving a lenient and short sentence does not rehabilitate them in any way. In this regard, all those who are engaged in criminal activities that riskRead MoreEssay Juvenile Delinquency1499 Words   |  6 PagesMain Post: Juvenile delinquency is a problem that affects society as a whole. Understanding Juvenile delinquency is important because it is part of trying to figure out how people in American society should react to it; specifically, in terms of law enforcement officers, their agencies, and State legislators. When deviant behavior becomes continuous, chronic and widespread it gets perceived as a significant part of the population as threatening to the general well-being of society (Thompson

Business Promotion Strategic Marketing Plan

Question: Discuss about the Business Promotion Strategic Marketing Plan. Answer: Introduction The aim of the present assignment, which is a continuation of assignment one is to establish a profound strategic marketing plan for the organization SolarCity of New Zealand. It is required to mention that while establishing convenient marketing strategies for SolarCity, the paper would first focus on the primary and secondary target markets of the considered organization, which has been thoroughly illustrated in the previous assignment. Thereafter, the present assignment will move on to construct apt strategic functions for product, pricing, distribution or supply chain and integrated marketing communication of SolarCity. From the previous assignment, it has been identified as well as understood that the organization is primarily a limited enterprise in the premise of New Zealand that is involved from developing and manufacturing product to financing and remote monitoring of the solar panels and solar power system. Most importantly, the first assignment has pointed out that the organization has three distinct kinds of target markets presently; the first one is the households of New Zealand while the second one commercial sector of the country. However, the third kind of target market has been identified to be the offshore clients. In case of establishing the product and pricing strategy, the present assignment would have to consider the key buying behavior and concern of the target market of SolarCity, which has been effectively diagnosed in the first assignment. It says that scarcity of natural resources is the main concern that drives the target markets of the organization to buy their products. However, from the competitor analysis, the present assignment have got a hint about what exactly SolarCity would adopt as strategy, which says that the organization would have to beat Green Energy Corporation, Agua Del Sol LLC and Solar Collector Inc mainly. Marketing plan In accordance with the SWOT, situational, stakeholder and competitor analysis from the previous assignment, it has been understood that the following goals and objectives are possessed by the concerned organization. Considering the buying behavior of the target markets and their kinds, marketing plan A would be to devise suitable positioning, distribution and communication strategy that would support SolarCity to influence the minds of the identified target markets and fulfill their demand (Hollensen 2015). Following the marketing goal A, two particular marketing objectives would be To identify needs and basic characteristics of the target markets Seemingly, the specific premise of the objective is to identify the needs and characteristic features of the target market, would be covered within two weeks by the hands of the chief marketing executive of SolarCity. To design appropriate communication and distribution strategy The above goal has been designed keeping in mind about the prime purpose of the assignment, which is to grow the sales and market expansion for SolarCity considering their chief target markets. Therefore, the specific premise for the second objective is understandably the establishment of the suitable strategies with the help of executive marketing director of SolarCity within the time of fifteen days. Marketing goal B Keeping in mind about the marketing goal A, the second goal of SolarCitys marketing would be to increase the profit margin by implementing appropriate pricing and product development strategy. More precisely, the second goal would be to expand in the market by beating the existing rival organizations alongside advancing the rate of sales. Therefore, two accompanying objectives for this distinct goal would be To procure appropriate strategies for developing product The specific premise of the objective, which is to procure strategies for product development would be done within the time of one month through the hands of the chief executive of product scrutiny and development management. To design strategy for selecting appropriate price On behalf of this particular objective, it can be said that the specific aspect of the objective would be to identify the average financial status of the primary and secondary target markets within the time limit of two months. In this context, it should also be mentioned that the responsible person for accomplishing this objective would be the assistance-marketing executives and assistance finance manager of SolarCity. Primary target market According to the market audit report of SolarCity, the primary target market of the considered organization is divided into two major types, which are the commercial sector and the household owners of New Zealand. More elaborately, the primary target market of the concerned organization can be segmented into both males and females of the society. However, if the primary target market can be identified with psychographic attributes, then it can be said occupation wise most of the household owners are homemakers, service men and business professionals. On the other hand, the other part of the primary segment involves the ministry of the economic development and department of conservation. Identifying characteristics and needs of the primary target market The demographic characteristics of the household owners involves both male and female inhabitants of New Zealand whose age range from 24-65. Furthermore, this individual target market possesses the value of saving non-renewable energies alongside they have the strong concern for the increasing the use of renewable energies like the solar power. Therefore, the preference of this kind of target market rests on the unique and most up-to-date design and potentiality of the solar panels. On the other hand, the other kind of the primary target market possesses the value to unique and effective energy solutions. Therefore, understandably the preference of this part of the target market depends on the efficiency of the solar panels and their capacity to resolve energy issues. Therefore, their individual energy issues understandably determine the buying habit of the commercial sector of New Zealand (Slack 2015). However, the buying preference of the households owners unlike the other one main ly depends on the price range of the solar panels as per the fact the solar energy is used for everyday energy needs in the house. Secondary target market According to the previous report of marketing audits, there has been found a third target figure for the organization SolarCity, who are predominantly the offshore or oversees organizations those like the commercial sector of New Zealand searches for innovative energy solution. SolarCitys desire to provide energy solution to other countries in form of market expansion is an indication of the fact that the organization has already planned to beat their archrivals with their preference for target market. Characteristics, basic needs and buying preference The secondary target market is the commercial market of the other countries; therefore, it is understandable that their needs and buying preferences would be approximately similar with commercial sectors of New Zealand. Therefore, it can be said that commercial enterprises, which utilizes a huge amount of energy would have the preference to have energy solutions those are affordable yet efficient. However, it is fortunate that the demographic attributes of this target market would help the considered organization in expanding in an international ground (Baker 2014). Most importantly in this case, the organization has to keep in mind that the basic needs of the secondary target market would not be limited within energy solutions. The organization should anticipate that from offshore clients, demand for both household goods and energy solution devices would come (McDONALD et al. 2016). Product strategy for primary target market Product feature Prior to design a fruitful strategy for product, it is required to denote that for the primary target market, SolarCitys product will be the solar hot water, solar photovoltaic, evacuated panels, evacuated tube based system and installation devices of solar panels. The most significant aspect of the offered products of SolarCity for the primary target market is they are varied and usable for both household and business. Brand name and packaging The products and service will be offered under the brand name of SolarCity with its official logo. However, in case of both product quality and packaging it should be contemplated that the organization would adopt the product strategy of changing the design and performance of the existing products. Most significantly, in terms of packaging, SolarCity should provide two types of packaging for both kinds of the primary target market. One should be a trial package and the other one should be for the final use (Strauss 2016). Positioning strategy For the primary target market, the positioning strategy would be the packaging strategy itself. According to the packaging strategy, the organization would provide the privilege to the target markets to have a trial of the preferred products. Supplemental products and value Each of the offered products for the primary target market would retain the core values that the organization fundamentally proposes. However, the products provided as trial pack would contain experiential attributes as they are for trials (Grant 2016). On the other hand, in terms of supplemental products, SolarCitys service for implementation for both the trial and permanent purpose will act as supplemental products. Product strategy for secondary target market Product feature The product for secondary target market or the clients from other countries would be mainly the evacuated panels and evacuated tube based system and their service for the installation of solar power and technical support. Brand name and packaging Same as the brand name and packaging for the primary target market, the service for the offshore clients will be provided under the same brand name and the packaging strategy would be same (Khan 2014). Positioning strategy For the secondary target market, the positioning strategy would be to provide free installation service for providing tube based systems along with one year of guarantee to every customer. On the other hand, for the installation service, the positioning strategy would be to provide the technical support is relatively low rate than the normal market price (Goi 2015). Supplemental products and value As per the fact that the organization would mainly provide the evacuated tube based system and technical support in terms of implementation service, the organization would provide a twenty four hours of free online customer support to the customers offshore. On the other hand, as all the services are prime services of SolarCity, therefore reasonably the organization would be providing core values to all of them. Pricing strategy for primary and secondary target market Strategy for primary target For the primary target market, SolarCitys overall pricing strategy would be the discount policy as per the fact that the organization attempts to encourage a larger unit purchases. Therefore, the pricing objectives will be the rate of preference for having discount and the current usage rate of the commercial sector and household owners of New Zealand (Bag and Biswas 2013). Most importantly, the pricing strategy will be strongly supported by the proposed designing strategy, which is to provide the privilege of using the trial package. It is because, the fundamental tactic of the discount policy, which is to encourage larger units of purchase by quantity discount will be accomplished by the positioning strategy to provide free installation service (Ferguson and Higgins 2015). Strategy for secondary target The overall pricing strategy for the secondary target market would be the discount policy as well as it would help the organization to maintain a firm competition with the rival organizations of the offshore countries (Antoncic et al. 2016). Therefore, SolarCitys pricing objects for the secondary target market would be to know the usage rate of solar power of the offshore market and the current market rate of discount. The positioning strategy is to provide free installation and free online customer support, which would help to capture the minds of the target market and would accomplish the positioning strategy appropriately. Most significantly, considering the need of price competition to the competitors, it can be said that the organization would keep the rate of discount at least 10% less than their potential rivals would. In this context, one aspect is needed to be mentioned, which are both of the pricing strategies would have connection with the value of monetary costs unlike th e distribution strategy (Certo 2015). Distribution strategy for primary and secondary target markets Strategy for Primary target For the primary target concern, the overall distribution strategy would be to improve service. Therefore, the channels according to this strategy would be the leading national retailers and distributors of solar panels. Alongside, the proper place will be most of the local leading service centers, through which the local household owners will be able to easily become SolarCitys customers. Thus, understandably with the help of local service centers, accomplishments of the positioning strategy to providing free installation will be easy (Florian and Pajzos 2015). Strategy for Secondary target Unlike the primary target market, overall distribution strategy would be change channel strategy, as per the fact that the clients will be from offshore. Therefore, increase of own sales coverage and area specific distribution would be required (Milichovsk and imberov 2015). The channels would be local retailers and leading organizations with service centers of each specific country through which the agenda of providing discount in installation and online customer care would be flexibly maintained. Promotion strategy for the primary target Integrated marketing communication for the primary market will be to increase the exhibition coverage along with increase of social media. Consumer promotion elements For the purpose of promotion for the targeted consumers, SolarCity will advertise through online social sites, for which the organization would use e-mail shots, expand, and improvise its existing websites. Nevertheless, in terms of public relation strategy, the organization would consider setting up Facebook page and Twitter account for planning exhibitions and campaigns. Trade promotion elements In terms trade promotion elements, the considered organization would use both the advertising channels and the elements for public relation strategy. More precisely, company websites, industry specific websites, Facebook and Twitter account all will be used as trade promotion elements. Promotion strategy for the secondary target The overall integrated marketing communication strategy for the secondary target market will be to introduce a new product policy, as the organization would make their venture in several new countries (Willing et al. 2015). Consumer promotion elements In terms of consumer promotion elements, the organization would use industry specific websites and use online advertising campaigns. Similarly, like the public relation strategy of primary target market, for the secondary target market, the public relation strategy would be the same. Trade promotion elements In terms of trade promotion elements, in the offshore countries, online social media like Facebook, Twitter will help SolarCity. Moreover, a modified version of the existing website of SolarCity would also help. Therefore, reasonably both advertising and public relation strategy will be used. Implementation strategy for primary and secondary target markets In case of implementing the strategy for both the target markets o SolarCity, the organization would take concern about the structural issues at the very first. For the households and commercial sector of New Zealand, the organization would change the reporting relationships as well as they need to add some more positions for extending the service to free implementation and free online customer support. On the other side, for the offshore clients, the organizations would have to change some of the line of its authority as new positions of authority would be required in individual offshore places. Four internal marketing activities would be necessary regarding this concern Employee training for accomplishing the strategies for offshore clients Combating employee resistance through organizing meetings and incentives Motivate the existing employees and share each of the decisions regarding strategies through top-down and bottom-up communication (Pathak and Makwana 2015) Hire new employee for the installation and customer service department Evaluation and control Input controls Process control Output control (In general) A detailed outline of the possible capital expenditure Online and offline market research for two months ($50,000) Recruitment of twenty individuals within one month ($20,000) One month of training to the existing employees and management ($30,000) Revise the incentive policy and implement bottom-up communication policy within three weeks (McCormack and Johnson 2016) Regular survey on the field of product modification and development Number of ratings on Facebook and company websites from offshore places Construction of a separate team within one month for monitoring and measuring the marketing performance Use of checklist for measuring whether four objectives have been met or not (Mun et al. 2014) Use of an observing team for measuring and taking feedbacks from the product development field Output control Standards (In details) Options Overall performance 20% increase in dollar sale in the home ground would be monitored by the executive finance officer Acquisition of loyal customers would be monitored by the customer management executive Increase of sales volume up to 15% in the offshore zone would be controlled and monitored by the regional finance officer (Mosca 2016) Price performance Sales analysis and market share analysis will be controlled and evaluated by the finance department through online rating and by detail comparison of the revenue margin Product performance A thorough product testing after each modification and product development in the first three month through the hands of product development executives Distribution performance standards and IMC performance Quarterly survey for analyzing distribution efficiency and analysis of the supply chain integration would be undertaken Analysis of the brand awareness through comparing revenue margin and online ratings To evaluate the proposed advertising strategies, advertising research would be used, which is effective in improving the promotion systems Informal controls Employee self control It is a possibility that the employee may lack in confidence for handling the plans for offshore clients In that case the organization would consider providing training sessions Employee social control Workshop relationship may lack while hiring new stuffs from diverse culture and background for accomplishing marketing target for the offshore clients In that case, SolarCity would consider increasing communicational bond with the new employees Cultural control It is possibility that the marketing activities may not influence the minds of the offshore target market due to different culture and perspective Therefore, SolarCity should think about making a thorough market research and make suitable modifications prior to implement the strategies. Marketing audits (measuring effectivess) Options Measures Responsible person Profit-based Comparison between current profit margin and the previous profit margin Finance executive Time-based Strategy for primary target market would be implemented in the first week Strategy for the secondary target market would be implemented in the second month Marketing executives Measuring effectiveness of modified product and promotion activities Review of customer feedback Keep track of Facebook ratings Product testing on frequent basis and address the analysis made after each product testing Marketing executives Product development executives In case expectation does not meet Assessment and modification of the existing strategies Implementation of new strategies Marketing executives Conclusion The above marketing plan has identified two individual target markets of SolarCity, which are the household owners and the commercial sector of New Zealand in terms of primary and offshore clients to be secondary target market. The plan has been made considering different needs and expectation of the individual target market. The report has pointed out that for satisfying both of the target markets; the organization would provide the facility of using the trail package with discounts. Most importantly, the plan has implicated that for promoting the products for both kinds of target markets, SolarCity would concentrate upon creating online websites and Facebook page along with online exhibitions and campaigns. References Antoncic, B., Auer Antoncic, J. and Aaltonen, H.M., 2016. Marketing self-efficacy and firm creation.Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development,23(1), pp.90-104. Bag, S. and Biswas, D., 2013. Four P's compass model in new paradigm of marketing mix.International Journal of Applied Services Marketing Perspectives,2(1), p.273. Baker, M.J., 2014.Marketing strategy and management. Palgrave Macmillan. Certo, S., 2015.Supervision: Concepts and skill-building. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Ferguson, J.M. and Higgins, L.F., 2015. Structure and Locus of Control in Marketing Courses. InProceedings of the 1987 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 236-240). Springer International Publishing. Florian, G.L. and Pajzos, C., 2015. THE IMPACT OF MARKETING PERFORMANCES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCES IN THE CONTEXT OF ROMANIAN SUPPLY CHAINS.SEA: Practical Application of Science,3(2). Goi, C.L., 2015. Marketing Mix: A review of'P'.The Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce,2005. Grant, R.M., 2016.Contemporary strategy analysis: Text and cases edition. John Wiley Sons. Hollensen, S., 2015.Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Khan, M.T., 2014. The concept of'marketing mix'and its elements (a conceptual review paper).International journal of information, business and management,6(2), p.95. McCormack, K.P. and Johnson, W.C., 2016.Supply chain networks and business process orientation: advanced strategies and best practices. CRC Press. McDONALD, M.A.L.C.O.L.M. and Brown, L., 2016. 5 Strategic marketing planning.The marketing book, p.86. Milichovsk, F. and imberov, I., 2015. Marketing effectiveness: Metrics for effective strategic marketing.Engineering Economics,26(2), pp.211-219. Mosca, F. ed., 2016.Global Marketing Strategies for the Promotion of Luxury Goods. IGI Global. Mun, J.M., Leem, W.B. and Cho, S.H., 2014. A Study for Promotion Strategies of the Smart Grid in Convergence technology.Journal of Digital Contents Society,15(4), pp.513-520. Pathak, A. and Makwana, K., 2015. Business Promotion strategies for small enterprises.SAMVAD,8. Slack, N., 2015.Operations strategy. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Strauss, J., 2016.E-marketing. Routledge. Willing, I., Plage, S., Woodward, I. and Skrbis, Z., 2015. Exploring contradictions and challenges in performances of openness in tense cosmopolitan encounters. In12th Conference of the European Sociological Association. Andersen, O., Kheam, L.S. and Elnan, H., 2015. An Exploratory Study of International Product and Promotion Adaptations in SMEs. InProceedings of the 1997 World Marketing Congress(pp. 153-157). Springer International Publishing. Antoncic, B., Auer Antoncic, J. and Aaltonen, H.M., 2016. Marketing self-efficacy and firm creation.Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development,23(1), pp.90-104. Bag, S. and Biswas, D., 2013. Four P's compass model in new paradigm of marketing mix.International Journal of Applied Services Marketing Perspectives,2(1), p.273. Baker, M.J., 2014.Marketing strategy and management. Palgrave Macmillan. Certo, S., 2015.Supervision: Concepts and skill-building. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Ferguson, J.M. and Higgins, L.F., 2015. Structure and Locus of Control in Marketing Courses. InProceedings of the 1987 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 236-240). Springer International Publishing. Florian, G.L. and Pajzos, C., 2015. THE IMPACT OF MARKETING PERFORMANCES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCES IN THE CONTEXT OF ROMANIAN SUPPLY CHAINS.SEA: Practical Application of Science,3(2). Goi, C.L., 2015. Marketing Mix: A review of'P'.The Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce,2005. Grant, R.M., 2016.Contemporary strategy analysis: Text and cases edition. John Wiley Sons. Hollensen, S., 2015.Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Karakaya, E., Nuur, C. and Hidalgo, A., 2016. Business model challenge: Lessons from a local solar company.Renewable Energy,85, pp.1026-1035. Khan, M.T., 2014. The concept of'marketing mix'and its elements (a conceptual review paper).International journal of information, business and management,6(2), p.95. McCormack, K.P. and Johnson, W.C., 2016.Supply chain networks and business process orientation: advanced strategies and best practices. CRC Press. McDONALD, M.A.L.C.O.L.M. and Brown, L., 2016. 5 Strategic marketing planning.The marketing book, p.86. Milichovsk, F. and imberov, I., 2015. Marketing effectiveness: Metrics for effective strategic marketing.Engineering Economics,26(2), pp.211-219. Mosca, F. ed., 2016.Global Marketing Strategies for the Promotion of Luxury Goods. IGI Global. Mun, J.M., Leem, W.B. and Cho, S.H., 2014. A Study for Promotion Strategies of the Smart Grid in Convergence technology.Journal of Digital Contents Society,15(4), pp.513-520. Nieroda, M. and McGoldrick, P., 2017. Healthy Eating Promotion: Translating Consumer Expectations into CSR Strategies (An Abstract). InCreating Marketing Magic and Innovative Future Marketing Trends(pp. 665-666). Springer, Cham. O'guinn, T., Allen, C., Semenik, R. and Scheinbaum, A.C., 2014.Advertising and integrated brand promotion. Nelson Education. Pathak, A. and Makwana, K., 2015. Business Promotion strategies for small enterprises.SAMVAD,8. Rogers, T. and Davidson, R., 2015.Marketing destinations and venues for conferences, conventions and business events(Vol. 14). Routledge. Slack, N., 2015.Operations strategy. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Strauss, J., 2016.E-marketing. Routledge. Willing, I., Plage, S., Woodward, I. and Skrbis, Z., 2015. Exploring contradictions and challenges in performances of openness in tense cosmopolitan encounters. In12th Conference of the European Sociological Association.

Smoking Essay Example Essay Example

Smoking Essay Example Paper Smoking Essay Introduction Smoking Smoking Essay Body Paragraphs Smoking Introduction Many researchers (Naquin Gilbert, 1996; Siquera et al., 2001) have conducted studies aimed at identifying the effects of smoking on different populations. Siquera et al. (2001) noted that those who begin smoking in high school continue to smoke several years later, and they are unable to quit when they want. Among the research conducted is the relationship between smoking and perceived stress (Naquin Gilbert, 1996). Research conducted by Naquin and Gilbert concluded that smoking leads to increased stressed levels. Smoking among university students tends to be a relatively common thing in many universities, although not all the students smoke. This is mostly because of peer influence, and the feeling that smoking will enable them to cope with the pressure they face in school (Parrott Murphy, 2012). Some students also smoke because they feel that smoking helps them to relax (Siquera et al., 2001). Many smokers tend to experience feelings of relaxation and satisf action when they smoke, but they report feeling anxious and stressful when they are not smoking (Parrott Murphy, 2012). This has led them to believe that smoking helps them manage the stress they feel. Naquin M and Gilbert G (1996) conducted research aimed at identifying the smoking behavior of students and its effects on perceived stress. This study revealed that the students who smoked had higher levels of perceived stress compared to those who have never smoked (Naquin Gilbert, 1996). There is high nicotine dependence among students. Nicotine dependence has a big role in maintaining smoking among adolescents. The adolescents move from experimenting with smoking, to regular use, which in turn leads to addiction (Rojas et al., 1998). Only 5% of high school students think that they will continue smoking after five years, but more than 75% of them continue smoking. This shows the extent of nicotine dependence among students (Siquera et al., 2001). Men are most likely to smoke and u se other substances. However, there is minimal difference among men and women in the level of nicotine dependence (Okoli et al., 2012). This study aims to examine the stress levels and nicotine dependence in undergraduate students who smoke. It is hoped that the findings will show that cessation of smoking will help undergraduate students who smoke to deal with stress. Problem statement and hypothesis As noted, students who smoke do so for different reasons, and one of the reasons is that it helps them to cope with the challenges they face in college. The students believe that smoking helps them to reduce their stress levels. The research will aim to identify the different factors that contribute to stress levels among undergraduate students, and the methods that different students use to cope with these challenges. Three specific questions will be addressed in the study: to examine the differences in perceived stress between students who smoke, the ex-smokers, and those who have ne ver smoked to examine differences in nicotine dependence in students who smoke or are ex-smokers to examine for gender differences in nicotine dependence in students who smoke or are ex-smokers Materials Questionnaires The Perceived Stressed Scale questionnaire (PSS) This questionnaire measures the perception of stress on individuals. The questionnaire will offer information indicating what the participants find stressful in their lives. This questionnaire will provide information about the participant’s current feelings or thoughts. It will measure the extent of the students’ perceived stress, and whether this perception makes them more susceptible to smoking. All the participants will fill the questionnaire. The Fagerstorm nicotine dependence questionnaire This questionnaire will determine the level of nicotine dependence among the participants. It will determine how often the current smokers smoke and other smoking habits. It will be adjusted to capture responses fr om former smokers (Siquera et al., 2001). Demographic information, which includes gender, age, year of study, and the smoking habit of the participants, will be collected from the participants. The research will involve the use of three types of questionnaires, addressing the three groups. The questions will be structured in a way that reveals the students current smoking habits or lack thereof. The questionnaires will also identify the factors that contribute to the habit of smoking among the student population. Questionnaires targeted at the students who have never smoked will focus on how they cope with different challenges and pressure while they are in school. Methodology Design This research will be an unrelated design focusing on differences between groups according to smoking status. A one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) will be used to examine any differences between the three groups (IV) on perceived stress scores (DV). The three groups are the independent variables, and they include undergraduate students who have never smoked, current smokers, and former smokers. To examine nicotine dependence (DV), a two way ANOVA will be conducted. It will examine the differences between smokers and non-smokers (IV1), in addition to any effects of nicotine dependence on gender (IV2). The ANOVA test is useful in this case because it compares two or more variables. This research defines former smokers as the participants who have not smoked a cigarette for the last three months. A current smoker is a participant who is a habitual smoker or one who smokes occasionally. The third category is the participants who have never smoked a cigarette in their lives. Participants The sample (N=75) will consist of 75 undergraduate students from the University of West London, who will be recruited opportunistically. Twenty-five students in the sample will be students who have never smoked, another twenty-five will be former smokers, and the remaining twenty-five participants wi ll be current smokers. The students will receive an invitation to participate in the research from the school notice board and from the active social media in the school. This will include the use of blogs, and different social networking sites. The participants will be selected randomly from the different undergraduate students at the university, and participation will be on a voluntary basis. They will be selected from the students who respond to the invitation. This will ensure variety in the research. The research will ensure that the participants are at different levels in their undergraduate studies. The research will encourage both male and female students to take part in the research. In addition, it will include students of different ages and study disciplines. The research will ensure confidentiality of all the participants. Some participants may be concerned about revealing some information such as their age, or even the fact they smoke or they have ever smoked. The parti cipants will be informed of their right to privacy and confidentiality. They will sign a consent form, indicating their willingness to participate in the research. Procedure Students from the university of west London will be approached opportunistically and asked if they would be willing to participate in a research study and smoking ‘status’ will be ascertained prior to handing out questionnaires. The invitation will target undergraduate students from various disciplines. All the participant groups will receive and complete the Perceived Stress Scale Questionnaire. Current and ex-smokers will complete the Fagerstorm Nicotine Dependence questionnaire. Participation will be on voluntary basis and this will be explained to each student. The research will encourage both the male and the female students to take part. In addition, the research will include students of different ages, from different study disciplines, and in different year of study. It is hoped that a fairly equal number of students will be obtained in each group. The current and former smokers will each receive questionnaires, where they will answer questions regarding their previous and current smoking habits. The questions will include questions such as the time the students started smoking, the factors that compelled them to start smoking, how often they do it, when they smoke, when they stopped smoking or why they have not stopped smoking, and what they feel or they felt when they quit or when they do not smoke. In addition, the participants will fill out forty questionnaires of the Fagerstorm Nicotine Dependence and Nicotine Tolerance. They will fill the questions sometime after they taken a cigarette. The research will indicate whether my hypothesis has been accepted or rejected. The research results will indicate whether I have answered the research questions, which deal with smoking as a form of coping with stress. Analysis This is quantitative research. As highlighted above, unrelated ANOVA will be used to explore the aims of the study. A one way ANOVA will test for differences in PSS scores between current smokers, ex-smokers, and those who have never smoked. A two way ANOVA will test for differences between former smokers and smokers. It will also test for differences in male and female current and former smokers. It will test for these differences on FTND scores, and examine whether there is an interaction effect between the two. References Naquin, M. R., Gilbert, G. G. (1996). College students’ smoking behavior, perceived stress, and coping styles. Journal of Drug Education, 26 (4), 367-376 Okoli, C. T., Torcholla, I., Khara, M. (2012). Sex differences in nicotine dependence among addictions clients accessing a smoking cessation program in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Journal of Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing 19 (9) 776-784 Parrott, C. A. Murphy, S. R. (2012). Explaining the stress inducing effects of nicotine to cigarette smoke rs. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental 27, 150-155 Rojas, L. N., Killen, D. J., Haydel, F. K., Robinson, N. T. (1998). Nicotine dependence among adolescent smokers. Archives of Pediatrics Adolescent Medicine. 152 (2), 151-156 Siquera, M. L., Rolnitzky, M. L., Rickert, I. V. (2001). Smoking cessation in adolescents: The role of nicotine dependence, stress, and coping methods. Archives of Pediatrics Adolescent Medicine. 155, 489-495 We will write a custom essay sample on Smoking Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Smoking Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Smoking Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer